Croatia joins EU, Bosnia takes a hit, I rant

This article describes how, when neighboring Croatia joins the EU on July 1, Bosnia’s farmers will lose their main export market and get hit bad.  I could add it to the long list of economic ailments in our dear country, most of whose origins can be traced to the top.

Here’s how:  In order to sell food to EU nations, Bosnia needs to make sure its food meets EU hygiene codes.  Many private farmers have already met these standards, but Bosnia’s government still has not agreed on a unified verification system.

Tractors block a border crossing  Photo: Avaz.ba
Image: Bosnian farmers protesting government idiocy. 

In politically-divided postwar Bosnia (now 18 years after the war ended) the three ethno-religious groups cannot agree on much of anything.  Gridlock ensues, progress is not made, and the average Bosnian suffers.  In this case, farmers who are making good products could lose their livelihood because the government can’t agree on a way to certify the products.  If verifying the quality of their nation’s products so that citizens can earn a living isn’t among the very obvious duties of a government, I don’t know what is.

What to say?  It’s insane, it’s exasperating.  Bosnians of all ethic stripes are already sick of a political system that only helps those in power to get rich and stay in power.  Yet before each election nationalistic politicians stir up paranoid xenophobia (“You can’t vote for the other guy, ’cause he’s not one of us. We have to stick together and look out for our own.”) and stay in power.  Pray that next time, people will be so sick of it that their frustration will dominate the fear and they’ll throw the bums out.

“Be angry, but do not sin.” -Ephesians 4:26

Cajdžinica

Here’s the view from the Cajdžinica, lit. “tea shop,” a place we just discovered hidden away right off the main plaza of Sarajevo’s Turkish district, Baščaršija.  We sat on a little bench looking down the alley to the plaza and Sebilj, the lit centerpiece in the distance, which is on every Sarajevo postcard.

The Cajdžinica’s quaint, has great decor, exotic imported teas like Moroccan mint, cinnamon and rose, and my favorite, chocolate and almond.  Yes, they really do taste like those flavors.  Oh, and the owner is a really friendly guy named Hussein who wears a giant flowing white caftan robe and has a wild head and beard of white hair…making him look like a hippie Jesus.  Wish you were here!

20th anniversary of Bosnian war


Right now there are ceremonies in Sarajevo marking 20 years since the start of the war that destroyed much of Bosnia & Herzegovina and killed more than 100,000 people. Each of the red chairs pictured above marks one of the 11,541 Sarajevo residents who lost their life. The chairs stretch down the main street for more than a kilometer (for those of you who have been there, from the eternal flame all the way beyond BBI Centar to Marjindvor).

We pray for God’s healing for this land so precious to us, and we miss being there even more today.

Taking the train from Sarajevo to Prague

Our co-worker David was getting married Aug 27 in his hometown of Prague, and that is an event we were determined not to miss. We realized that plane tickets to the USA are much cheaper from Prague than from Sarajevo, so we decided to travel by train to Prague, and then fly home after the wedding (well, and a few days to see the city of course).

Our other co-worker Vedrana was traveling with us, and we had the four of us plus our entire entourage of suitcases containing our life for the next year. We’d brought the absolute max allowable by Lufthansa: one checked bag for each of us including Gabi, one carry-on, and a “personal item.” Add my guitar for an extra cost, and overfill the bags with food and diapers to last a week, and it would be an understatement to say we were traveling heavy.

Day one on the train was Sarajevo-Budapest in 12 hours, and day two Budapest-Prague in 7 hours. Having never taken the train for a lengthy trip, we were nervous about it with Gabi. But if we drove our car, we wouldn’t have anyone to return it to Bosnia when we left. And driving means Gabi would be locked down in her carseat, while on the train she could play and move around. Plus, many friends had told us that the Sa-Buda train has enclosed small cabins, and since Sarajevo was the beginning of the line we were sure we could stake our claim on one and be comfortable.

When we got to the train station at 6:30am, it took two heavy trips to get our bags onto the platform. Surprise #1 hit when we saw that the train was just the engine car and one passenger car…no enclosed cabins, just a communal car with city bus-style seats. Oh, and a teeny bit of space above the seats for luggage. I asked a couple workers what was going on, and they gave me a Balkans shrug that means “Ain’t nothing I can do about it” and walked away. One added that some more cars would be attached in Doboj, three hours north of Sarajevo.

We can handle that, we thought, and stuffed our bags everywhere possible on that car…on free seats, overhead, at our feet, next to some other guy. We got the anticipated “what is wrong with these people; bringing so much stuff?” looks, and I avoided eye contact. I wanted to yell “We’re traveling for a year, not just a week!”

Fortunately, the busyness of getting settled distracted us from the sadness of pulling away from our beloved Sarajevo. The passengers around us were wonderfully kind, largely because they were enraptured with Gabriela. She talked and smiled and waved, and they melted and made small talk with us. One thing we love about the Balkans is that people are tremendously kid-friendly. No one would ever criticize parents of a kid who’s making noise, and they instead offer their food to the child–watch out for chocolate…it’s not the best before 12 hours in a confined space!

We made it to Doboj uneventfully, and when we saw that the cars being added to the train had enclosed rooms, we jumped to move our stuff over. The mother and adult son sitting next to us helped us transport stuff and ooh-ed and ahh-ed over Gabi one last time, and we shut ourselves into the 6 seat cabin (one of about 10 on the car, almost all empty) and celebrated. This would be doable for a long trip!

But soon it became apparent that the temperature was rising, ahem, significantly. This was late August, and it had been abnormally hot lately and getting hotter. Oh, and did I mention the train had no A/C? This communist-era dinosaur had sliding windows which did not stay open, but instead had to be held in place to allow any breeze in. A mild annoyance at the beginning, but after a couple hours we were hanging heads out the window for air. All four of us were soon bathed in sweat.

Speaking of train quality, the bathrooms were a separate adventure. Weak non-potable water from the faucet, no soap. A rusty metal toilet with a square metal plate at the base to catch everything, and a foot pedal which, when pressed, released the panel and dropped the cargo on the tracks below. As I prepared to use it, the train rolled into station and stopped. Oops…better wait until we’re moving again. And it was hot in there, with no window. I was soaked in sweat after 10 seconds.

So all of this is tough enough, but the kicker is that this train does not sell water or food, and the stops are only long enough to change passengers–no getting off to stretch your legs or find supplies. This is one of the bummers of the Balkans: tourism isn’t big enough here for anyone to be investing in the infrastructure, so rarely is anyone making improvements or offering any of the little bonuses (like say, water) that make the trip comfortable. It’s like buying a train ticket means “we’ll get you there, somehow, sometime…you may be dehydrated, drenched in sweat, in pain, and unhappy, but you’ll arrive.”

As the temperature rose, it became clear that we didn’t have nearly enough water. Gabi was slugging it down like we’ve never seen. At a stop on the border with Croatia, I asked the ticket-checker if there was a place to get some water nearby. He said no one sells it there, but that there was a spigot nearby and that I had about 5 minutes. I sprinted with all of our bottles, and when I arrived another worker there said that he wasn’t sure the water was safe to drink. I was ready to take our chances, but then another worker walked up and chugged some. I filled up and made it back just before the train pulled away.

In the ensuing kilometers, I tried to put Gabi down for a nap in a nearby empty private cabin. It seemed very workable: our awesome travel bed fit in the leg space, so I had her set up just like anywhere else. I even turned on the little rain noise maker we use to make the location feel familiar. But two factors were working against me/her/us. The first is that it was melting hot inside, and she was sweating. The second is that every time she seemed to be calming down the train pulled into a stop, and the jerking motion and sound of people walking around alerter her. She’d pop up and look out the window excitedly, yelling “Guck, guck, guck!” Gabriela is enthralled with trucks these days, and anything that rolls on wheels is a guck. I tried valiantly for 30min, and Gabi was no closer to sleeping than before. Probably further, as it was kind of a game to her. Nap fail.

Jess walked up to me and told me that our former train car, the communal car, the one we left about five hours earlier, had air conditioning and was much cooler. I stood there, soaked shirt stuck to my chest, leaning desperately into the tiny breeze creeping through the window I held open with my hand, wide-awake child standing in her travel bed behind me alternating between crying and guck-ing, and at Jess’ words felt so deflated I wanted to collapse. I wanted her to be wrong, so that I could know that the entire train was suffering like we were. Equal pain on all sides, in these moments, can seem better even than the chance for improvement. Especially when improvement means we were wrong. And when it means I have to move all. our. suitcases. again.

But she was right. The other train car was a lot cooler–though still quite hot. And so we moved Gabi and all of our luggage through the moving train a second time, baring the blank stares and whispers in Hungarian of passengers aghast at the number of trips back and forth I made (about 5, I believe).

The last four-ish hours of the trip passed slowly, even in the new car with semi-AC. Gabi was overtired and thus cranky and quick to holler, so we tried desperately to placate her with crayons and a new coloring book. We walked up and down the aisles with her, trying to keep her from touching sleeping people. Oh, and the train was delayed an hour, prolonging our joy. When we finally hit Budapest Deli station (a different station than we had been told by the Sarajevo station…Budapest has three), we were relieved to see that our friend Laci had somehow found out which station we’d arrived at, and was waiting for us. We were stinky and looked like we had just run a marathon in our clothes, but we were there.

On the way to his house, Laci told us that the Budapest-Prague train would be at a quality level called “European standard”. We all agreed that we had no clue what that meant, but it sounded wonderful and luxurious. And it was. Air conditioning, private cabins, very friendly German grandparents and granddaughter sharing our cabin and happy to help us with Gabi. Who, bizarrely and blessedly, was amazingly well-behaved the entire 7 hours and contentedly played and sat in our laps. And napped on our seat for an hour. What a difference a day makes!

In the end, our verdict was that train travel is a wonderful way to see most of Europe, but we can’t quite handle the roughing it of Balkan trains. If it were only the two of us, the entire experience would have been funny and quite do-able. But with a toddler…next time we’ll have to find a different way.

How we feel leaving Bosnia for a year

Our bags are packed and sitting by the door. In 9 hours, 24min, 31 sec we will board a bus on a lengthy journey which will ultimately take us back to California for one year of study at Fuller Seminary, after which we’ll return to ministry in Bosnia.

We feel…down. Today I almost got choked up telling the woman at the local corner store by our building that we’re leaving for a year. She’s always so friendly, and her smile causes her to stand out in stark contrast to the others who work there. My relationship with her over the past three years consists of conversations 20 sec long or less, centered on us purchasing fruit. And yet when this day arrived, every teeny part of our life here feels so precious that our lower lip starts quaking when we stop to think about it.

We’ve said goodbye to friends, eaten favorite foods, and been to our favorite cafes one last time. Which isn’t really true at all, because we’re coming back in just one year. We keep reminding ourselves of that!

And on the flip side, we are so excited to see our family and spend a longer period of time close to them! We know that when the plane lands–and even long before that–we will be counting the minutes until we are reunited.

So we know that there are good reasons–continuing my theological education, recruiting for EUS, seeing our family, and over it all God’s calling–for this year. But for now, we’re just a bit down. And now you’ve gone and made me think about it more. Off to bed…we have an early train to catch!

Ethics Case Study #2: the test

Our topic for a recent English Class was “Ethics & Morality”, and the conversation was very animated! I gave the students three case studies, and they agonized over not just what to do but why. I’ll reprint them here, and welcome your comments! Part 1 is here.

Ethics Case Study #2: the test

You are in the middle of an important test that you need to pass in order to complete a university class. The course is difficult, but the professor is fair and honest. But when you get to the last problem, you don’t know how to answer it. You studied hard for this test, and have done well on all previous tests. You know that if you can’t answer this question, you will fail the test. Your very smart classmate is sitting just to your left, and you know that if you just glance over to their paper you’ll be able to see the answer. No one would see you, and the professor is not looking in your direction. It seems unfair that you would not pass the entire course, when you’ve worked so hard to get this far. Would you look?

My follow-up questions for during class discussion included the following:

  • Can you justify a “wrong” for another purpose?…What ultimate purpose?
  • Could you live with yourself if you knew you’d cheated and passed the class because of it?
  • I wrote “would you look”…the other word I could have written: “would you cheat”…does the name we give the action affect how you feel about it?

Once again, the conversation was heated. At first, most of the students simply laughed. “Of course I would cheat!” many of them said. “I already have, many times!” (Unfortunately, this scenario plays out during every exam period here, and a majority of students cheat. Professors are also quite corrupt, and do a lousy job teaching the material in the first place.) Some used the corruption in the system, or the unfairness of most professors, as their reasons.

I pushed them deeper, trying to get beyond justifying and to talk about what they would be saying “yes” to. We discussed the classic anti-cheating argument of “would you like to be operated on by a doctor who cheated his way through med school?” In truth, this is the reality in Bosnia. One student argued that he would cheat “for my parents’ sake, because it’s not right that they would have to pay for another year at the university for me.”

Only two students out of about 16 said they would not cheat. When I pressed for why, one said it was because he feared getting caught. I pointed out that this (idealized) case study specifically says you would not be caught, and he promptly changed his stance and said that in that case, he would cheat. That left my most dedicated Muslim student, F. His words were right on, but did little to change the mood of the room: “The circumstances don’t matter. This isn’t a question about what you can get away with. It’s a question of integrity.”

*For my part, I didn’t offer many of my own opinions on this question. Similar to the war, it’s very difficult for me as an American to comment on this specific issue. My university experience was nearly opposite of my students’ here. Mine was marked by honest professors who didn’t take bribes and actually knew and taught the course material, quality textbooks and materials made available, and fellow students who weren’t paying professors for grades left and right.

Power, pride, & the visa process PART 2

Today I returned to the visa processing office to pick up an extension of the temporary document which states that our visa applications are in process. (If that sentence makes no sense to you, read the previous post. Or don’t, and just forget about it.)

While there, I asked the employee about the process for registering Gabi in-country. They told me that the situation with our daughter was “neugodno,” which roughly translates to distasteful or unpleasant. Because we are volunteers (paid from outside Bosnia), they explained, it’s not technically appropriate that we have children here with us in the country. If we had official jobs here, or owned property or had some other more official ties, she said, it wouldn’t be a problem. Volunteers shouldn’t be allowed this. But for now, she’d make an exception and I could just have Gabi registered through the police department and then we’ll talk again next year.

I tried hard to smile and not be a smart alec, but the subtle implication that our presence here is a drain on Bosnia’s resources stung me. The truth is that 1) we spend money all over Bosnia, helping the economy, 2) our employment is offering free English courses, seminars, textbooks and resources for college students which the government does not provide, and 3) Americans don’t usually come to the Balkans to live the easy life and drain the system.

I left, and as I drove home I considered the other side of the situation. This is one more moment where my privilege as an American hits me. In almost every other case, it’s the foreign power who has the upper hand–giving financial and humanitarian aid, ordering law changes, even governing Bosnia. Bosnians are constantly made to feel that they are less by foreigners who expect gratitude and obeisance for their handouts. It’s not fair, and it’s a feeling I as an American can’t truly understand. One of the only opportunities Bosnia has to turn the table is in the visa office, where I am at their mercy completely. Who can blame them, or be surprised, if they take the chance to take a stab at a foreigner for once? Instead of remaining mad, I become humbled by the subtle power dynamics undergirding every situation here, and reminded of the privilege I enjoy but personally have done nothing to earn.

Power, pride, & the visa process PART 1

Each year we need a visa to live and work in Bosnia. The application process is rather unintelligible to someone living outside of Eastern Europe, so let me break it down in an easy step-by-step manner:

  1. Start at least one month before your current visa expires. Lighten your work schedule in preparation.
  2. Drive across town to the visa processing office, and ask what new laws are in effect that will affect your application and required documents. Receive a vague and partial answer.
  3. Collect original copies of every vital document in your possession, including birth certificate, diploma, passport, marriage license, police document showing that you have not committed crimes, contract with landlord, landlord’s personal documents and proof of citizenship.
  4. Translate all that are not in Bosnian.
  5. Prepare official letters from employers in the USA and in Bosnia, bank statements, and an assortment of others.
  6. Wait in line.
  7. Get an HIV exam and full medical exam (including vision, weight, lung x-ray, and other more “personal” items).
  8. Get a passport-sized photo, but do not smile. Smiling is strictly forbidden.
  9. Make multiple copies of all documents – 1 of some, 2 of others, other amounts of others, all subject to change at any time.
  10. Drive across town several times.
  11. Take all documents to a government office to be notarized. (Carry every document you’ve ever used in your life with you during all steps, just in case it’s needed.)
  12. Wait in line.
  13. Get told by the employee that your documents are not valid/correct/legible/pretty enough/written on magical papyrus, and thus unacceptable.
  14. Repeat multiple prior steps, repaying at each stage.
  15. Listen to different employee tell you you had the right documents the first time, and now they are wrong.
  16. Repeat multiple prior steps, repaying at each stage.
  17. Return to government office several more times and be rejected for the same or for different reasons.
  18. Repeat multiple prior steps, repaying at each stage.
  19. Finally, spread dozens of documents and copies on your living room floor to be gathered into the sacred order.
  20. Prepare all documents in a thick stack and, after much prayer, take them across town to the visa processing office (which operates from 9am-1pm three days a week) to be submitted.
  21. Wait your turn, and then be berated by an employee for not knowing that the law changed three weeks ago and several of these documents are now completely outdated, or for having extra documents/not enough documents/mismatched pants and socks. Be told to come back tomorrow with the right documents.
  22. Repeat multiple prior steps, repaying at each stage.
  23. Re-submit stack, hopefully now acceptable. Be told that they’ll “let you know” with a look implying it’s doubtful you’ll ever be allowed to set foot in this country again.
  24. Return–in person, because calling would be pointless–every week to check on the process.
  25. Pick up a temporary document from the visa office stating that your visa is in process. Note the one-month duration on the temporary document.
  26. Return after 30 days to request (yes, request) an extension of the temporary document while they continue processing your visa. Be told, with a look of exasperation, to return tomorrow for said extension.
  27. Drive across town the next day for extension.
  28. Eventually, be told to come in for your visa.
  29. Drive across town to pick up the visa, and be told that you need to surrender your passport and return tomorrow.
  30. Drive across town again, and pick up your passport with new visa sticker. Success!
  31. Return home, and throw away roughly two dozen notarized copies, representing approximately 137 hours spent waiting in lines, which it turns out were not needed after all.